What are adrenal glands?

The adrenal glands are small, triangle-shaped glands on top of each kidney. They are important for hormone balance and stress response. Each gland has two parts: the outer cortex and the inner medulla.

The adrenal cortex makes hormones like cortisol, which helps control metabolism, immune response, and blood pressure; aldosterone, which manages blood pressure by balancing sodium and potassium; and androgens, which support male and female reproductive systems.

The adrenal medulla produces catecholamines, including adrenaline and noradrenaline. These hormones trigger the "fight or flight" response, getting the body ready for stress or danger by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy.

The proper functioning of the adrenal glands are crucial for maintaining stability in the body and effectively responding to changes in the environment.

What are adrenal nodules?

Adrenal nodules are small lumps on the adrenal glands. They can be non-cancerous or cancerous, and can also produce too much adrenal hormones.

Most nodules are found by chance during scans for other issues, as they usually don't cause symptoms. However, some may result in hormonal changes, leading to weight fluctuations, energy changes, or high blood pressure.

Diagnosis involves imaging tests like CT scans and blood tests to check hormone levels.

Treatment depends on the nodule's type and whether it causes symptoms. Non-harmful nodules that don't alter hormone levels may just need regular monitoring. In contrast, functional or suspicious nodules might require surgery to remove the adrenal gland.

Dr Rodrigues will review your investigation results and may need to order further tests to determine what type of adrenal nodule you have and will discuss with you whether it requires surgery.