Parathyroid surgery
What are parathyroid glands?
The parathyroid glands are small organs behind the thyroid in the neck. Usually, there are four glands, each the size of a lentil. Their main job is to control calcium levels in the blood and support bone health. They produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps manage calcium levels in your bloodstream by influencing calcium absorption from the kidneys, gut and bones.
What is hyperparathyroidism?
Hyperparathyroidism is a condition where the parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH), which can result in high calcium levels, known as hypercalcaemia.
There are three main types:
Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Caused by enlarged or overactive parathyroid glands, often due to genetics or other conditions. This is the most common type and can cause kidney stones, bone loss, abdominal pain, and fatigue.
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: Occurs when low calcium levels, usually from chronic kidney disease or vitamin D deficiency, cause the glands to work harder and enlarge.
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism: Develops when the glands become permanently overactive, often after long-term secondary hyperparathyroidism, especially in chronic kidney disease patients.
Diagnosis involves blood tests for calcium and PTH levels, along with imaging scans. Treatment depends on the type and severity and may include medications, vitamin D supplements, or surgery to remove affected glands. Proper management is essential to prevent complications like osteoporosis, heart problems, and kidney damage.
When would I need surgery on my parathyroid glands?
Surgery is often necessary for hyperparathyroidism.
Symptomatic Patients
Individuals exhibiting symptoms related to elevated calcium levels, such as kidney stones, bone weakness, gastrointestinal issues, or psychological changes, are prime candidates for parathyroid surgery. The relief of these symptoms is a critical goal in treatment.
Asymptomatic Patients
For patients who may not show symptoms but whose blood tests reveal significantly high calcium levels, as well as low bone density or increased calcium in urine, surgical intervention may still be recommended to prevent future complications.
Young Patients
Patients under the age of 50 are often advised to undergo surgery even without symptoms. This approach seeks to reduce long-term health risks linked to untreated hyperparathyroidism.
Dr Rodrigues will discuss the risks and benefits of surgery to help determine what would be the best course of action for you.